The European Parliament has voted against a permitting system for cattle farms under the EU Industrial Emissions Directive (IED). Last year the European Commission proposed changes in the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) which would mean that farms with more than 150 livestock units (LUs) would need a special permit. One dairy cow is one LU, one heifer is 0.8 LU, a calve under one year old is 0.4 LU.