In Germany a study commissioned by the Federal Environment Agency (UBA), which analyzed the environmental effects of various milk production systems in Germany and calculated their environmental damage costs shows that organic produced milk from cows that are on the pasture is more environmentally friendly than milk from conventional farms that are kept year round inside. The main reason for this is the cultivation of the forage. These costs were between 21 and 34 cents per kilogram of milk. Organic farms with pasturing caused the lowest environmental damage costs with up to 27 cents, conventional farms with year round inside housing had with up to 34 cents per kilogram of milk the highest environmental damage costs.